Thin collapsing shell
The simplest model used to compare proper-time and world-time descriptions of relativistic collapse and to track the approach to the gravitational radius.
RELATIVISTIC COLLAPSE IN GLOBAL TIME
Frozar Theory
Research on gravitationally frozen compact objects (frozars), collapse in world time, and observable consequences. The dedicated FROZAR portal contains the extended exposition.
RESEARCH MAP
Models and questions
Dust star
The Oppenheimer–Snyder problem is treated through the relation between the comoving solution and the description on hypersurfaces of world time used for matching to the Schwarzschild exterior.
Charged and rotating configurations
Later work studies how charge, angular momentum and irreducible mass alter gravitational radii, shadows and compact-object structure.
Observable consequences
The program separates the external, in-principle observable evolution from assumptions about an unobservable continuation beyond the freezing regime.
Development of the program
The frozar line begins with the 2012 collapse papers, was extended to gravitationally frozen objects and relativistic explosion, and later developed through detailed dust-star solutions and the 2020 series on frozar structure and observable effects. The dedicated FROZAR site now collects the extended exposition, discussions and outreach materials.